Catherine Medici-Thiemann's research focuses on the ways women gained and expressed political power in Elizabethan England. Her scholarship is on the early modern period, engages with many issues central to women’s and gender studies, including women’s political activism and agency, family relationships, gendered conceptions of communication and work, and representations of women’s power and agency. Her research focuses on early modern women’s political agency and challenges traditional narratives and assumptions that have overlooked or actively dismissed women’s agency.

Catherine has taught Women in European History, Introduction to Women's and Gender Studies, and Women, Gender, and Medicine. She has also worked as the graduate assistant for Women's and Gender Studies, was as the co-coordinator of the No Limits Conference in 2010, 2013, and 2016, and served on WGS’s Curriculum and Assessment Committee.